1. What are the functions of Operating Systems?
- Prioritized applications and processes
- Secures computer data
- Manages files and folders
- Connects you to devices on your computer
- Manages RAM
- Connects to networks
- Provides a graphical interface
2. What Is Storage Device?
Storage device is the place where the computer data is stored when it is not in use.
3. What Is System Board?
A system board, also known as mother board is the main board of the computer.
4. What are different Hard Disk Drive Connector Types?
Hard drive connectors are typically connected with integrated disk controllers and are of various types like IDE/EIDE/PATA, SATA, SCSI, etc.
5. What are the different CPU Technologies?
Types of CPU technologies are Hyper Threading, Multicore, Throttling, Micro code, Overclocking and Cache.
6. What are System Files?
1. Registry data files.
2. INI – allows you to choose the OS or the OS with different boot options.
3. NTLDR – the boot loader, not in vista, located in the root of the active disk partition, reads the boot.ini, if XP is selected, it runs ntdetect.com, then it runs ntoskrnl.exe and hal.dll, then reads the registry and loads device drivers.
4. COM – to get information about hardware run by ntldr.
5. SYS – used to boot windows from SCSI disk devices.
7. What are the basic hardware parts that you need to get a PC working?
The basic parts of a PC are a computer case, a monitor, keyboard, mouse and the power cord. Each of these parts has their own value and an important role to get a PC working. Make sure you mentioned them and explain briefly what they’re function is.
8. What is a graphic card/ a graphic driver?
The graphic components of your PC are on a separated card which has its own slot and gets plugged in the mother-board. That is why these components are called a graphic card. You should mention that lap-tops usually have their graphic components built in the mother-board. The graphic driver is a program that controls and oversees how your graphic components respond to everything else in your software.
9. What is the mother-board?
The mother-board or also called the main-board is the backbone of the PC. The mother-board is a platform that connects all of the parts together, including sound driver, video drivers, graphic card, the hard drives, and the CPU memory.
10. How would you define ROM and how RAM?
ROM and RAM are both memories but differ in their functions. ROM (Read-only memory) is a memory that reads and storages codes of the programs that run under the processor, while RAM (random-accessible memory) runs only temporarily while power is on and the PC is working. ROM continues to store data even when power is off. That’s why RAM is more important for video-gaming, so it can support more.
11. What is Cache Ram?
The computer user creates any type of data. And the computer Stores those data regularly to provide better output For any input. The place where all these data are stored regularly is called cache RAM. It is a small high-speed memory box positioned behind the CPU and above the main memory. The processor always firstly checks the SRAM, before preceding somewhere else.The abbreviation for cache RAM is SRAM. It can be defined as a Small and compact high-speed memory, situated just behind the CPU as it stores every daughter of a computer. So, a processor always cheques into the SRAM before doing something else.
12. What is a modem?
A modem or a modulator-demodulator is a device that converts the waves coming from telephones and cables and then processes them into the computer. The PC has digital information and telephones usually send analog waves. The modems function is receiving and converting these waves, creating communication.
13. What is FireWire?
FireWire is a type of device that can transfer information between all sorts of digital devices, including audio and video equipments and it is also easy to use. It can be plugged or unplugged while the power is on and the PC will respond to it automatically. Installing the driver means that the PC and FireWire can start working and sharing information immediately.
14. How many cycles per second does one GHZ do?
One billion cycles per second.
15. What does GUI mean?
The GUI or the graphical-user-interface is based simply so users can manipulate the files and programs on the monitor with a mouse, drag and click on objects instead of putting in a command with text. The GUI interface is used and was launched together with the most popular system Microsoft. Since then, not allot of GUI changes have been made, since this operation is basic.
16. How would you set up a wireless network?
Firstly, you would need the wireless adapters for each device on a wireless network. Lap-tops nowadays have in-built wireless adapters, but if you happen to have an outdated one, be sure to get wireless adapters first. Then, wireless routers are needed to set up a full and all-wireless network. You also need access points to spread the network. Access points are usually set-up after the routers have been installed. This is how you allow the network to grow. Then, the access points and the wireless routers all get channeled through the wireless antenna which puts out a strong radio signal. In the end, a wireless repeater to expand the range on your wireless for users who can’t get signal is the last you should do.
17. Explain DRAM.
If RAM is random-access memory, DRAM is Dynamic random-access memory. What does that mean? It means that it stores every BIT of a data from the PC in one circuit. DRAM shifts between two states, being charged or discharged so its value is either 0 or 1.
18. Can DRAM speed up your PC?
Yes, DRAM is a valuable thing to upgrade when thinking about boosting your system performance. The fact is, it does not upgrade your CPU in terms of faster response, but on the other hand, it reduces the time the CPU waits for information from the hard-drive.
19. Why do hard-drive partitions?
It will optimize your PC and help you maintain your data more effectively. Having all the data on only one partition can be of great risk if for example your Windows crashes for good. Always separate the back-up files and all the other things on different partitions. Even try to put a boot-up OS version on one partition. It will help immensely.
20. How many bytes are there in 1 kilobyte?
One thousand bytes.
21. What are IP addresses?
An IP address is your personal data identifier. All the computers that are on the web, communicate through IP addresses as to faster identify the specified and wanted computer and then transfer data to it. IP addresses are vital for one network to function. Picture it as a spider’s web with all the little dots in-between the web. Those dots are the IP address, the unique identifiers on every location, on every computer on the web.
22. What is a gateway?
A gateway is a method of connecting two different networks with different protocols, making an internetworking connection. Internetworking explains the act of communication between the two networks. The gateways are usually set up on the “end” or “edge” of the network and their function is not just to set up communication with another network, but to protect the network as well. That is why the gateways also come with firewalls. Simply like connecting several computers in a local network with a router (which in that case serves as a gateway). They operate on any level in OSI.
23. What is the OSI model?
OSI model is short for Open System Interconnection and is the ISO standard for networking across the World Wide Web. OSI model sets up a network limit (framework) to attach protocols in seven different layers. Starting at one station, all the way down to the bottom of the chain. Known OSI models are for example the X400 or the X500 and some of them are still very popular like the one for e-mail and directory. Older OSI models now serve as a teaching or a practice method for all the protocols that need to be implemented.
24. How would you describe the network?
A network is communication between two computers. A network allows two or more computers to exchange files between them, share the same screen, messaging, use for printing and much more. The way network is based and how the computers are connected varies allot. From telephone cables, to sending out digital signals through Wi-Fi antennas, connected through satellites, infrared beams and so on. There are several types of network like LAN, WAN etc. LAN is local area network, WAN is wide area network.
25. Explain the difference between a hub and a switch?
Both the hub and a switch are network components that connect electronic devices in two different ways. They both create network traffic, but the respond to it differently. The hub (or also called the receiver) is a device that after receiving all the information, puts out a repetition signal and sends it to all the other devices. The negative thing about this is that it can cause unnecessary traffic your way. Having a switch is good for better control of traffic. It collects packages from all the address information and sends it out to the given specific port. It is more manageable and better for bigger network. Hubs are used for smaller networks.
26. VPN – what does it stand for?
A VPN is a virtual private network which allows safe use of the Internet and safe surfing. It builds a layer of security on-top the Internet and browsing through this isolated network, greatly helps keeping your data away from prying eyes.
27. How is it possible to recover information from a virus-infected system?
To recover information from a virus-infected system, the user must install an operating system. After installing an operating system and they have to update the antivirus in the system. Then the user can connect a hard drive to the system. Here a hard drive will act as a secondary drive for an infected system. Then the user has to clean and scan the hard drive. And by doing so, all the required data can be. They were copied into the system.
28. Define BIOS?
BIOS stands for the basic input-output system. It can be defined as the most primitive way of communicating with a computer. It provides the user with a platform to perform necessary Actions like changing the boot’s order and regulating system tasks.
29. What is the meaning of RIP?
The RIP stands for Routing information protocol. The primary function of routing information protocol Is to exchange and data Among the routers.
30. Define DHCP.
The Dynamical Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP Is a type of protocol that permits any particular IP address as soon as possible. By allowing any specific IP address, DHCP Helps a computer to connect with the world web.
31. What do you mean by circular logging?
Circular logging can be defined as a type of logging, of which Helps in storing important transactional logging. The process is in the Windows dictionary. It circulates and expands the first log file. Doing so makes sure that the log files do not take space in the hard disk.
32. What do you mean by proxy servers? How are they able to protect A system from computer networks?
Proxy servers can be defined as those servers that help prevent external users from identifying a particular IP address. The processor was secured. Such type of IP addresses that belong to an internal network. The following mechanism of making virtual networks. Those virtual networks are not visible to external users. By creating a virtual network, the proxy servers make it impossible for the external users to identify a specific IP Address.
33. Describe netstat
The next step is a utility program. Its primary function is to give Information about the Present Transmission Control, Transmission Protocol, and Internet Protocol in any connection settings.
34. Differentiate a domain and a workgroup.
The difference between a domain and a workgroup Depends upon The location of a computer network. If a computer is connected through a home network, then It becomes a part of the Workgroup. And when a computer is connected through A network of workplace or workplace network, it becomes a part of a domain.
35. Distinguish between attenuation, distortion, and noise.
When signals pass through a medium, those signals may lose some energy while traveling through a medium. Any signal loses. Its energy due to the resistance of any medium. And such loss of energy of any signal is defined as attenuation.
When traveling through any medium, a signal may change its shape. And when the shape or form of a signal is changed while passing through a medium, such phenomena are known as distortion.
When any signal passes through some electrical or electromagnetic energy, the quality of such signals may deplete. And such depletion or degradation of signal due to electromagnetic energy is known as noise.
36. What is DNS?
DNS stands for Domain Name Servers and it is a list of all the domains and then gets translated into IP addresses.
37. How does a network problem differ from a DNS problem?
A DNS (domain name server) problem is when the domain name cannot be translated into an IP address. If your computer can’t recognize an IP address on a certain domain name and cannot really establish communication, then you’d have a DNS problem. The network problem usually appears when you cannot trace and find the IP address.
38. How to set up a VLAN and what is VLAN?
Highly-flexible networks called Virtual Local Area Network which don’t require any physical connection but rather respond through logical operations. They also don’t have to be in the same space or geographical stand-point.
39. What is the purpose of Active Directory?
Active Directory is a Windows directory that works with complex network resources and responds in one universal way.
40. How to set up a default router or a default gateway?
A gateway is a way of accessing a network. When you experience difficulty accessing one (any kind of network issue), the default gateway is used to create an access point for your PC to use the web. This is when the IP address cannot match any other routes.
